Amiga-FAQ
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Amiga Frequently Asked Questions List
created by David Tiberio
March 27th 1993
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
V. Amiga Models and Statistics
A. Screenmodes
Maximum Size 16368 x 16368
Monitor Types RGB, VGA, SVGA, Multiscan, Composite
Display Formats NTSC, PAL
Horizontal Scan Rates 15kHz - 31kHz
Vertical Scan Rates 50Hz - 72Hz
EURO:36Hz Low Res
EURO:36Hz Low Res Laced
EURO:36Hz High Res 640x200 73Hz, 15.69kHz ECS
EURO:36Hz High Res Laced 640x400 73Hz, 15.69kHz ECS
EURO:36Hz Super-High Res 1280x200 73Hz, 15.69kHz ECS
EURO:36Hz Super-High Res Laced 1280x400 73Hz, 15.69kHz ECS
EURO:72Hz Productivity 640x400 70Hz, 31.43kHz ECS
EURO:72Hz Productivity Laced 640x800 70Hz, 31.43kHz ECS
MULTISCAN:Extra-Low Res
MULTISCAN:Extra-Low Res Laced
MULTISCAN:Low Res
MULTISCAN:Low Res Laced
MULTISCAN:Productivity 640x480 60Hz, 31.44kHz ECS
MULTISCAN:Productivity Laced 640x960 60Hz, 31.44kHz ECS
NTSC:Low Res 320x200 60Hz
NTSC:Low Res Laced 320x400 60Hz
NTSC:Low Res
NTSC:Low Res Laced
NTSC:High Res 640x200 60Hz, 15.72kHz
NTSC:High Res Laced 640x400 60Hz, 15.72kHz
NTSC:High Res 702x234 60Hz, 15.72kHz
NTSC:High Res Laced 702x468 60Hz, 15.72kHz
NTSC:Super-High Res 1280x200 60Hz, 15.72kHz ECS
NTSC:Super-High Res Laced 1280x400 60Hz, 15.72kHz ECS
NTSC:Super-High Res 1404x234 60Hz, 15.72kHz ECS
NTSC:Super-High Res Laced 1404x468 60Hz, 15.72kHz ECS
PAL:Low Res
PAL:Low Res Laced
PAL:High Res 640x256 50Hz, 15.60kHz
PAL:High Res Laced 640x512 50Hz, 15.60kHz
PAL:Super-High Res 1280x256 50Hz, 15.60kHz ECS
PAL:Super-High Res Laced 1280x512 50Hz, 15.60kHz ECS
SUPER72:Low Res
SUPER72:Low Res Laced
SUPER72:High Res 400x300 72Hz, 24.62kHz ECS
SUPER72:High Res Laced 400x600 72Hz, 24.62kHz ECS
SUPER72:Super-High Res 800x300 72Hz, 24.62kHz ECS
SUPER72:Super-High Res Laced 800x600 72Hz, 24.62kHz ECS
[overscan modes wanted also]
B. Colormodes
1) OCS
Palette 4,096
Maximum Colors 4,096
Low Res 2 4 8 16 32
Low Res EHB 64
Low Res HAM6 4096
High Res 2 4 8 16
2) ECS
Palette 4,096
Maximum Colors 4,096
Extra-Low Res
Low Res 2 4 8 16 32
Low Res EHB 64
Low Res HAM6 4096
High Res 2 4 8 16
Super-High Res 2 4
2) AGA
Palette 16,777,216
Maximum Colors 262,144
Extra-Low Res 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
Low Res 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
Low Res EHB 64
Low Res HAM6 4096
Low Res HAM8 262,144
High Res 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
High Res HAM6 4096
High Res HAM8 262,144
Super-High Res 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
Super-High Res HAM6 4096
Super-High Res HAM8 262,144
C. Expansion
Models Available
OCS A500, A1000, A1500, A2000, A2500
ECS A500+, A600, A1500+, A2000+, A3000, A3000T, A3000T/040
AGA A1200, A4000/030, A4000/040
A500 A600 A1000 A1200 A2000 A3000 A4000 CDTV
Currently Available x x x x x x x
Supports OCS x x x x x x x x
Supports ECS x x x x x x x x
Supports AGA x x
Exterior Bus x x
Trapdoor x x x
PCMCIA x x x
Zorro II 16 bit x x x
Zorro III 32 bit x x
PCAT 16 bit x x x
Video 24 bit x x x
CPU 16/32 bit x x x
External SCSI x
External Floppy x x x x x x x x
External Serial x x x x x x x x
External Parallel x x x x x x x x
External VGA/SVGA x x x
External RGB x x x x x
External Composite x x x x
Internal SCSI x
Internal IDE x x x
Internal Floppy x x x x x x x
Internal CD-ROM x
Socketed CPU x x x x
Socketed Custom Set x x x x x
Socketed ROM x x x x x x x
CPU Used 00 00 00 20 0 30/40 30/40 00
020 Available? Y Y Y Y Y
030 Available? Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
040 Available? Y Y Y Y Y Y
Motherboard RAM 1 1 1 2 1 18 18 1
Expansion Slot RAM 8 8 8 32 1GIG 1GIG 1
ROM Version (BASE) 1.3 2.1 1.3 3.0 1.3 2.0 3.0 1.3
ROM Version (MAX) 2.1 2.1 1.3 3.0 2.1 2.1 3.0 1.3
D. OCS, ECS, and AGA
The Amiga custom chips come in three versions. The OCS was used
primarily from 1985 to 1992. OCS is known simply as the Old Chip
Set and has not been given any public official definition by CBM.
However, in 1989 CBM released the ECS Extended Chip Set. This is
still in production today, and offers more scree resolutions and
the same number of bitplanes as used previously. In 1992 the AGA
Advanced Graphics Architecture was released and introduced numerous
new screenmodes (compatible with ECS) and a large number of new
colormodes. The AGA chip set is often referred to as the AA chip
set in the older literature.
Following is a complete listing of every Amiga and which chip
set it was shipped with, along with dates whenever possible. The
list includes the model number, chip set, rom version, year
introduced, rom storage format, and maximum ram accessible by the
custom chips (similar to video ram).
A500 - OCS KS1.2 1987 ROM 512k
A500 - OCS KS1.3 ROM 512k
A500+ - ECS KS1.3 ROM 1024k
A600 - ECS KS2.05 1992 ROM 1024k
A1000 - OCS KS1.0 1985 DISK 256k
A1200 - AGA KS3.0 1992 ROM 2048k
A1500 - OCS KS1.3 ROM 1024k
A1500+ - ECS ROM 1024k
A2000 - OCS KS1.2 1987 ROM 1024k
A2000 - OCS KS1.3 ROM 1024k
A2500 - OCS ROM 1024k
A3000 - ECS KS1.3/1.4/2.04 1989 DISK 2048k
A3000 - ECS KS2.04 ROM 2048k
A3000T - ECS 2048k
A3000UX - ECS UNIX 2048k
A4000 - AGA KS3.0 1992 ROM
ROMs stored on disk offer some disadvantages and advantages.
First, using the computer requires an additional amount of ram
equal to the size of the ram, which is often 512k. However, access
to the ROM is faster when stored in RAM in many cases. Also,
multiple operating systems can be placed in one computer that
has disk based ROM. In order to use multiple ROM revisions on
the other computers, a ROM Swticher is used which is a hardware
toggle that seats each ROM chip on a small daughterboard. Some
machines, such as the A3000, also have a ROM Tower, which includes
an outdated ROM revision required to boot the system.
E. Info on Computer Chips Used
The command VERSION, when executed from the Amiga Shell or
CLI, returns the version of the Kickstart and the Workbench.
Following are the various versions of the Amiga ROM chips.
KS1.0
KS1.1
KS1.2
KS1.3
KS1.4
KS2.04 KS37.175
KS2.1 KS37.175 WB38.28
KS3.0
The command CPU displays the configuration of the CPU and
the memory burst modes. Following are the various CPU's used
by the various machines, along with FPU math coprocessors. All
are Motorola 68k series. The SHOWCONFIG command also returns
relevant information in more detial.
CPU FPU MMU
A500 000/7
A600 000/7
A1000 000/7
A1200 020/14
A1500 000
A2000 000/7
A2500 020 ??? ?
A2500 030 ??? ?
A3000 030/16 881 x
A3000 030/25 882 x
A3000T 030/25 882 x
A3000T 040/25 040 x
A3000UX 030/25 882 x
A4000 030 ???
A4000 040/25 040 x
F. AGA Compatible Monitors
The following monitors are capable of displaying all
modes of the AGA chip set for Amiga computers.
MODEL MANUFACTURER PRICE SIZE kHz VERT Hz
MS-8431 Amazing Tech. $399 14 15-36 ?
AML-1402 Adara Technology, $650 14 15-36 45-90
CM-324 AOC International $549 14 15-36 50-90
CM-324H/M AOC International ? 14 15-36 50-90
CM-326 AOC International $649 14 15-38 50-90
Auto-Trak 714 Conrac Display ? 13 15.5-37 45-80
Auto-Trak 9250 Conrac Display $3,850 13 15-37.5 48-90
Model 7126S Conrac Display $3,995 26 15-32 48-75
Model 7211 Conrac Display $4,120 13 15-37.5 47-80
Model 7211 Conrac Display $4,120 19 15-37.5 47-80
Model 7241 Conrac Display $2,995 19 15-37 47-80
Model 9214 Conrac Display ? 13 15-38 50-80
Multiscan 3436 CTX International $780 14 15-38 50-90
TSM-1431 Darius Technology $699 14 15.5-39 50-90
ECM 1410 Electrohome, Ltd. $1,195 14 15-40 45-90
ECM 2010 Electrohome, Ltd. $3,195 20 15-38 45-120
Eversync Color Everex Systems $599 14 15.5-35 50-70
FMS Falco Data $750 14 15-38 47-90
MTS-9608S Forefront Technology $499 14 15-38 50-90
TY-1411 Golden Dragon ? 14 15.5-3 50-120
Idek MF-5017 IDEK/Iiyama North Amer $1,275 17 15-40 50-90
Idek MF-5021 IDEK/Iiyama North Amer $2,695 21 15.5-38 50-90
C21LV-65MAX Image Systems Corp. ? 21 15-65 55-90
C24LV-65MAX Image Systems Corp. ? 24 15-65 55-90
CM-1403 Intra Electronics USA $300 14 15-38 40-100
GD-H4220US JVC Information $2,895 19 15-37 45-87
CMON M Leading Edge $599 14 15.75-39 50-90
MagicVIEW 20 Mac $1,999 20 15.75-36 50-100
Model 2014/LP Microvitec, ? 14 15-40 45-100
Model 2020 Microvitec, $2,495 20 15-38 ?
Model 710MH Mitsuba Corp. $415 14 15-38 50-90
Diamond Pro 26M Mitsubishi Electronics $11,300 25 15-38 45-90
HC-3505SK Mitsubishi Electronics $11,300 26 15.7-38 45-90
XC-3315C Mitsubishi Electronics $5,495 33 15-38 40-120
XC-3715C Mitsubishi Electronics $7,599 37 15-36 45-120
AM-2752A Mitsubishi Electronics $3,700 27 15.6-36 45-90
AM-3151A Mitsubishi Electronics $5,200 31 15.6-36 45-90
AM-3501R Mitsubishi Electronics $6,900 35 15-35.5 45-70
AM-1381A Mitsubishi Electronics $839 14 15.6-36 45-90
MG-3430 Modgraph, $985 9 15-35 50-70
DM-2710 NEC Technologies, $3,995 27 15-38 40-100
PanaSync C1391 Panasonic Communicatio $899 13 15.5-36 40-80
Ultra 1200 Princeton Graphic Syst $450 12 15-38 45-120
Ultra 1400 Princeton Graphic Syst $899 14 15-38 45-120
Ultra 1600 Princeton Graphic Syst $775 16 15-38 45-120
AlphaScan Sampo Corp. of America $649 14 15.75-36 50-87
CE-8 Sceptre Technologies, $995 14 15-38 50-90
CM-3 Sceptre Technologies, $795 14 15.5-36 50-70
CPD-1302 SONY Corporation $995 13 15.75-36 50-100
GVM-1310 SONY Corporation $1,295 13 15.75-36 50-100
GVM-2020 SONY Corporation $1,595 20 15.75-36 50-100
Tuff/CRT Talon Technology Corp. $6,000 14 15-35 47-73
Omniscan CM-1495H Tatung Co. of America, $899 14 15-37 40-120
MultiVision 770+ TAXAN America $895 14 15-37 50-90
MediaScan 3+ TVM Professional Monit ? 14 15-38 46-100
TM-5414 TW Casper Corp. ? 14 15.5-35 50-70
Bjorn Stenberg
Stockholm, Sweden
bjst@sth.frontec.se
G. Storage Devices
AMIGADOS MS-DOS MACINTOSH
KS1.0 720k
KS1.2 880k
KS1.3 880k 720k
KS2.04 900k 1.76mb 720k 1.44mb 1.44mb
KS3.0 900k 1.76mb 720k 1.44mb 1.44mb
In order to read 1.76mb AmigaDOS or 1.44mb MS-DOS a high
density disk drive is required. These include the CBM drive,
the Aplied Engineering drive, a floptical drive, or a high density
IBM floppy drive. Some floptical drives do not support standard
Amiga disks. IBM floppy drives may require a special driver. To
read IBM disks from WB revisions older than 2.1, public domain
software or WB upgrades are required. The Atari ST uses the same
format as MS-DOS so no special conversion is necessary. In order
to read Macintosh 800k disks, third party hardware is required
or a Macintosh emulator card.
THIRD PARTY HARDWARE
FLOPPY HD-FLOPPY SCSI IDE FLOPPY HD-FLOPPY SCSI IDE
A500 x x x x x
A600 x x x x ? N/A
A1000 x x x x x
A1200 x x x x ? N/A
A1500 x x x x x
A2000 x x x x x
A2500 x x x x x x
A3000 x x x x x x
A3000T x x x x x x x
A3000UX x x x x x x
A4000 x x x x x x N/A
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
IX. Emulators
A. IBM Emulators
TEXT CGA EGA VGA A500 ZorroII ALL
Transformer XT 8088 x x x
PC Task XT 8088 x x x x
IBeM XT 8088 x x x x
Cross PC XT 8088 x x x x
Power PC Board XT 8088 x x x x x x
2088 Bridgeboard XT 8088 x x x x
2286 Bridgeboard AT 286 x x x x x
2386 Bridgeboard AT 386 x x x x x
ATOnce AT 286 x x x x x
GoldenGate AT 386 x x x x x
GoldenGate AT 486SLC x x x x x
EMC 486SLC AT 486SLC x x x x x
GVP 286 AT 286 x x x x x x
GVP286 ATOnce PowerPC
NortonSI 15
Hercules x ? ?
CGA x x x
EGA/VGA MONO ? ?
Multitask? x x
Shared RAM? x x x
FPU 80C287 80C387SX ?
GG386 GG486 2088 2286 2386 EMC486
mHz 25 33
NortonSI 23 45 ? ? ? 66
Landmark 2.0 78 103
Hercules x x ? x x ?
CGA x x x x x x
EGA/VGA x x x x x x
Multitask? x x x x x x
Shared RAM? x x ? ? ? ?
FPU ? ? ? ? ? ?
IDE PORT x x ? x x x
FLOPPY PORT x x x x x x
SERIAL PORT SW SW ? ? ? 2
PARALLEL PORT SW SW ? ? ? 1
GAME PORT ? ? ? 1
B. Macintosh Emulators
PLUS IIx ZorroII ALL SYSTEM7 COLOR
AMax 68000 x x x
AMax II+ 68000 x x
EMPLANT 68030 x x x x x
ROM SERIAL_PORT APPLETALK MIDI_PORT SCSI_PORT
AMax II+ 128k x x x
EMPLANT 256k x x x
All ports listed above are exterior ports.
AMax allows emulation of black and white Macintosh
software designed for the Macintosh Plus. It does not allow
the user to run Amiga software at the same time as Macintosh
software.
Emplant is capable of multitasking Amiga and Macintosh
software at the same time on independent screens. Emplant
also allows emulation of other computers simultaneously.
C. UNIX Emulators
ALL ZorroII MULTIUSER
Amiga UNIX 68030 x x
LINUX
MINIX
D. Commodore 64 Emulators
GO 64 Emulator 6502 Commercial
A64 Package 6502 Shareware
E. Atari ST Emulators
A500 ZorroII ALL MULTITASK
Medusa 68000 x
Cameleon 68000 x
F. Miscellaneous
ALL
BBC Micro x
ZX80 Spectrum Z80 x
Apple II 6502 x
GameBoy Z80 x
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
XII. Graphics Boards
A. Hardware Comparisons
BITS RES RGB COMP NTSC PAL DIGI GLOCK VIDEOSLOT
Harlequin 24 910x486 x x x
Resolver 8 2048x2048 x x x
Vivid 24 24 2048x2048 x x x x
Rembrandt 24 1024x1024 x x x x x
Visiona 24 8192x4096 x x x x
OpalVision 24 768x476 x x x x x x
FireCracker 24 1024x480 x x x x
Lowell A2410 8 1280x1024 x x x
EGS 24 x x x x
IV24 24 768x480 x x x x x x x
AVideo12 12 x x x ?
AVideo24 24 x x x ?
Video Toaster 22 768x480 x x x x x
DCTV 22 768x480 x x x x x
HAM-E ? 1600x1280 ? ? x ? ?
AGA 18 1280x480 x x x x
Denise ZorroII ALL FPU PIP
Harlequin 24 x
Resolver 8 x 34010
Vivid 24 24 x 34020 (4)
Rembrandt 24 x 34020
Visiona 24 x INMOS
OpalVision 24 x x
FireCracker 24 x
Lowell A2410 8 x
EGS 24 COMBO
IV24 24 x x
AVideo12 12 x
AVideo24 24 x
Video Toaster 22 x
DCTV 22 x
HAM-E ? x
A500 A600 A1000 A2000 A3000 A4000 CDTV
Harlequin x x x
Resolver x x x
Vivid 24 ? x x
Rembrandt ? x x
Visiona x x x
OpalVision x x x
FireCracker x x x
Lowell A2410 x x ?
EGS x
IV24 x x x
AVideo12 x x x x
AVideo24 x x x x
Video Toaster x x ?
DCTV x x x x x x x
HAM-E x x x x x x x
NOTES: A2000 includes A1500, A2000, A2500
A3000 includes A3000, A3000T
EGS Requires an A2000 with a GVP Combo accelerator.
DCTV and HAM-E are external units.
Video Toaster requires endplate adjustment for A3000.
A3000UX may use Lowell A2410 or Resolver.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
XIII. Frequently Asked Questions
- Why is my stock computer slow?
YOU NEED FAST RAM. If your computer only contains Chip RAM, than
it may be as much as 4 times slower than a computer equipped
with Fast RAM. This is true for all but the A3000 and A4000,
which come with adequate Fast RAM. At least 512k of Fast RAM is
suggested, although a minimum of 1 megabyte is greatly preferred.
Any Fast RAM above 1 megabyte has a negligible impact on CPU
speed.
- Can I replace my 68000 with a 68010?
POSSIBLY. If you have an A1000, A500, A1500, or A2000 then
you can. On an A600, the 68000 is not socketed and cannot be
removed.
The 68010 allows you to access FPU chips via a special disk
based library. Speed increases are on the order of 10-15%.
However, software compatibility suffers, so it is advised that
you do not do this. 68010 chips sell for under $10.
- What is the difference between the A500, A500+, and A500 Plus?
The A500 contains either KS1.2 or KS1.3. The A500+ contains
KS2.04 with the ECS chipset and is only available in Europe.
The A500 Plus is an A500 with a special set of software
packages and is similar in hardware to an A500.
- Can I have different versions of the Kickstart and Workbench?
YES. If you have KS1.2 you can also run WB1.3. If you have
KS2.04 you can also run WB2.1. It is also possible to run
older versions of system software but it is suggested to use
the most compatible versions as older versions may suffer
from software incompatibilities.
- What is a Tower ROM?
KS1.4 for the A3000. It is available on early model A3000's.
It is not suggested that you use KS1.4 as it is outdated and
not supported. These should not be removed.
- Can an 040 accelerator work on KS1.3 or lower?
NO. If you intend on using an 040 accelerator, it is suggested
that you either use KS2.04 or greater. The KS must also be in
ROM and not on disk. Some older 040 accelerators permit the
use of KS1.3 or KS2.04 in RAM but this is not widely used. The
KS2.04, if needed, sell for $50 or less.
- Can the Amiga run IBM PC software?
YES. Every Amiga is capable of running IBM PC software, including
MS-DOS, Windows 3.1, OS/2, and all supporting software. This
also includes SVGA cards, SoundBlaster, and time-based video
correctors. In fact, many of these emulators can multitask PC
and Amiga software simultaneously with minimal usage of CPU time.
- Does the Amiga multitask?
YES. The Amiga has multitasked since its conception in 1985.
It works pre-emptively similar to UNIX and OS/2, as opposed
to Windows 3.1 and System 7 which multitask co-operatively.
It is generally accepted that pre-emptive multitasking is much
cleaner and more reliable than co-operative multitasking. Also
supported is multiprocessing. It is possible for the Amiga's
custom chip sets to perform different operations simultaneously.
- Why does the Amiga come with so little RAM or disk space?
The Amiga requires less RAM and disk space than other computers.
It is possible to use the Amiga operating system with less than
20k of disk space and less than 100k of RAM. It is possible to
run most Amiga software with 1 megabyte of RAM and one floppy
drive.
- Is the Amiga text based or window based?
BOTH. The Amiga offers a windowing system called Intuition, that
is accessed through the Workbench and most software. There is
also a command line interface know as the CLI, and an advanced
shell known as the AmigaShell. Also available is CSH, KSH, and
BASH. The newer Kickstarts offer more shell commands in ROM than
the previous versions.
- Does the Amiga support high density floppy disks?
YES. The A4000 includes a 1.76 megabyte floppy drive which also
reads IBM 1.44 megabyte and IBM 720k disks. This floppy drive
should work with most Amigas. Some A3000's in Australia were
shipped with high density floppy drives. Applied Engineering
also manufactured a high density floppy drive, but it did
not sell well due to its high price. The Amiga high density
drive from CBM sells for under $100. Many people have used
standard IBM high density drives using a special device driver.
- Is it possible to access the IBM slots in my computer without
buying a Bridgeboard?
YES. The Golden Gate II card allows one to use the IBM slots
without purchasing a bridgeboard. IBM peripherals can therefor
be used by Amiga software. The Golden Gate II is not an IBM
emulator and should not be confused with the Golden Gate IBM
emulator.
- Is the Amiga for games only?
NO. The Amiga is used by numerous television stations and other
studios to produce broadcast quality video images and animations.
The Amiga is used by Nickelodian, MTV, Prevue Guide, many
cable TV stations, and movie studios. For example, the computer
graphics in the science fiction movie Babylon 5 was produced
using Amiga video and morphing software.
- What is the difference between Chip RAM and Fast RAM?
Chip RAM is similar to video RAM found on other computers. On the
Amiga, the custom chip set can only directly access the RAM found
in the Chip RAM. Chip is required by all Amigas, while Fast RAM is
not required but highly suggested. Chip RAM stores screen data
and audio data among other things.
- If I purchase an Amiga, what additional hardware will I need?
Generally, the only additional hardware required is a monitor
or television to be used as a display device. The Amiga comes
with all the necessary hardware to provide a fully working
system. Some models do not include hard drives, however are fully
capable of operating from floppy drives since Amiga software
occupies less disk space than software for other formats.
- Why should I upgrade my Kickstart or Workbench?
If you are running anything lower than KS1.2, you have an
obsolete version that is no longer generally supported. If
You are running KS1.2, you may wish to upgrade to KS1.3 if you
require better compatibility or autobooting hard drives. If
you have KS1.3 or less, you will want KS2.04 if you intend
to use a 68040 accelerator. Also, KS2.04 offers much more
compatibility with productivity software, while KS1.3 is more
compatible with entertainment software. If you are running
KS2.04, you may wish to look into WB2.1 if you need to read
MD-DOS disks. KS3.0, although a major upgrade, is not yet
required by existing software.
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